Basic Composition Of CNC Parts

CNC lathes are composed of CNC devices, bed, spindle box, tool holder feed system, tailstock, hydraulic system, cooling system, lubrication system, chip conveyor and other parts.
CNC lathes are divided into two types: vertical CNC lathes and horizontal CNC lathes.
Vertical CNC lathes are used for turning of disc parts with large rotary diameters.
Horizontal CNC lathes are used for turning of disc parts with long axial dimensions or small sizes.
Horizontal CNC lathes can be further divided into economical CNC lathes, ordinary CNC lathes and turning centers according to their functions.
Economical CNC lathes: simple CNC lathes formed by modifying the turning feed system of ordinary lathes with stepper motors and single-chip microcomputers. Low cost, poor automation and function, low turning accuracy, suitable for turning of rotary parts with low requirements.
Ordinary CNC lathe: A CNC lathe that is specially designed in structure according to the requirements of turning processing and equipped with a general CNC system. The CNC system has powerful functions, high automation and processing accuracy, and is suitable for turning processing of general rotary parts. This CNC lathe can control two coordinate axes, namely the x-axis and the z-axis, at the same time.
Turning center
Turning processing center: On the basis of ordinary CNC lathes, C-axis and power heads are added. More advanced machine tools also have tool magazines that can control the three coordinate axes of X, Z and C. The linkage control axis can be (X, Z), (X, C) or (Z, C). Due to the addition of C-axis and milling power heads, the processing function of this CNC lathe is greatly enhanced. In addition to general turning, it can also perform radial and axial milling, curved surface milling, drilling of holes and radial holes whose center lines are not in the center of rotation of the part, etc.
Hydraulic chuck and hydraulic tailstock
Hydraulic chuck is an important accessory for clamping workpieces during CNC turning. Ordinary hydraulic chuck can be used for general rotating parts; special chuck is required for parts whose clamped part is not cylindrical; spring chuck is required when machining parts directly with bar stock. For parts with a large ratio of axial size to radial size, it is necessary to use a live center installed on the hydraulic tailstock to support the tail end of the part to ensure the correct machining of the part. Tailstock includes ordinary hydraulic tailstock and programmable hydraulic tailstock.
Universal tool holder
CNC lathes can be equipped with two types of tool holders:
① Special tool holder: developed by the lathe manufacturer itself, and the tool handle used is also dedicated. The advantage of this tool holder is low manufacturing cost, but lacks versatility.
②Universal tool holder: tool holder produced according to certain general standards (such as VDI, German Engineers Association), CNC lathe manufacturers can choose and configure according to the functional requirements of CNC lathes.
Milling power head
After installing the milling power head on the tool holder of the CNC lathe, the processing capacity of the CNC lathe can be greatly expanded. For example: using the milling power head for axial drilling and milling axial grooves.
CNC lathe tool
When turning parts on a CNC lathe or a turning machining center, the position of the tool on the tool holder should be arranged reasonably and scientifically according to the tool holder structure of the lathe and the number of tools that can be installed, and attention should be paid to avoid interference between the tool and the machine tool, the tool and the workpiece, and the tools when the tool is stationary and working.
Machine tool composition
The host is the main body of the CNC machine tool, including mechanical parts such as the machine body, column, spindle, and feed mechanism. It is a mechanical part used to complete various cutting processes.
The CNC device is the core of the CNC machine tool, including hardware (printed circuit board, CRT display, key box, paper tape reader, etc.) and corresponding software, which is used to input digital part programs, and complete the storage of input information, data conversion, interpolation operations, and various control functions.
The drive device is the driving component of the CNC machine tool actuator, including the spindle drive unit, feed unit, spindle motor and feed motor. Under the control of the CNC device, it realizes the spindle and feed drive through the electrical or electro-hydraulic servo system. When several feeds are linked, positioning, straight lines, plane curves and space curves can be processed.
Auxiliary devices refer to some necessary supporting components of CNC machine tools to ensure the operation of CNC machine tools, such as cooling, chip removal, lubrication, lighting, monitoring, etc. It includes hydraulic and pneumatic devices, chip removal devices, exchange tables, CNC turntables and CNC dividing heads, as well as tools and monitoring and detection devices.
Programming and other auxiliary equipment can be used to program and store parts outside the machine.
Since the Massachusetts Institute of Technology developed the world's first CNC machine tool in 1952, CNC machine tools have been widely used in the manufacturing industry, especially in the automotive, aerospace, and military industries. CNC technology has developed rapidly in both hardware and software.