Introduction to CNC parts

CNC parts technology refers to the technology of using digital instructions composed of numbers, words and symbols to realize the motion control of one or more mechanical equipment. CNC generally uses general-purpose or special-purpose computers to realize digital program control, so CNC is also called Computerized Numerical Control (CNC), abbreviated as CNC. It is generally called CNC abroad, and the concept of NC is rarely used. It usually controls mechanical quantities such as position, angle, speed, and switch quantities related to the flow of mechanical energy. The emergence of CNC depends on the emergence of data carriers and binary data operations. In 1908, perforated metal sheet interchangeable data carriers came out; at the end of the 19th century, a control system with paper as a data carrier and auxiliary functions was invented; in 1938, Shannon conducted rapid data calculation and transmission at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States, laying the foundation for modern computers, including computer digital control systems. CNC technology is closely integrated with machine tool control. In 1952, the first CNC machine tool came out, becoming an epoch-making event in the history of the world's mechanical industry and promoting the development of automation.
CNC technology is also called computer numerical control technology (CNC, Computerized Numerical Control), which is a technology that uses computers to implement digital program control. This technology uses computers to execute the motion trajectory of the equipment and the operation timing logic control function of the peripherals according to the control program stored in advance. Since the computer is used to replace the CNC device originally composed of hardware logic circuits, the storage, processing, calculation, logical judgment and other control functions of the input operation instructions can be completed by computer software, and the microscopic instructions generated by the processing are transmitted to the servo drive device to drive the motor or hydraulic actuator to drive the equipment to operate.
Traditional mechanical processing is done by manual operation of ordinary machine tools. During processing, the mechanical tool is shaken by hand to cut the metal, and the accuracy of the product is measured by the eyes with tools such as calipers. Modern industry has long used computer digitally controlled machine tools for operation. CNC machine tools can automatically process any products and parts directly according to the programs pre-programmed by technicians. This is what we call CNC processing. CNC processing is widely used in all fields of mechanical processing, and it is also the development trend and important and necessary technical means of mold processing.
CNC lathes, also known as CNC lathes, or computer numerical control lathes, are the most widely used and widely covered CNC machine tools in China, accounting for about 25% of the total number of CNC machine tools. CNC machine tools are mechatronic products that integrate multiple technologies such as mechanics, electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, microelectronics and information. They are machine tools with the advantages of high precision, high efficiency, high automation and high flexibility in mechanical manufacturing equipment. The technical level of CNC machine tools and their percentage in the output and total ownership of metal cutting machine tools are one of the important indicators for measuring the overall level of a country's national economic development and industrial manufacturing. CNC lathes are one of the main varieties of CNC machine tools. They occupy a very important position in CNC machine tools. For decades, they have been widely valued and rapidly developed by countries around the world.
Since the advent of CNC lathes in the 1950s, the use of CNC lathes to process parts with complex shapes in single-piece production and small-batch production has not only improved labor productivity and processing quality, but also shortened the production preparation cycle and reduced the requirements for workers' technical proficiency. Therefore, it has become an important development direction for realizing technological innovation and technological revolution in single-piece and small-batch production. Countries around the world are also vigorously developing this new technology.
We know that for parts produced in large quantities, the use of automated and semi-automated lathes has been able to realize the automation of the production process. However, for parts produced in single pieces and small batches, automation has always been a difficult problem. For a long time in the past, it has always been unable to be satisfactorily solved. Especially in the processing of parts with complex shapes and high processing precision requirements, it has been at a standstill on the road to automation. Although some applications of profiling devices have solved part of the problem, practice has proved that profiling lathes still cannot completely solve this problem.
The emergence of CNC lathes (machine tools) has opened up a broad road for fundamentally solving this problem, so it has become an important development direction in mechanical processing.